Berlin Wall: 1961 - 1989
Construction of the Wall was commenced by the German Democratic Republic (GDR, East Germany) in 1961. The Wall cut off West Berlin from surrounding East Germany, including East Berlin.

The barrier included guard towers placed along large concrete walls, accompanied by a wide area (later known as the "Death Strip") that contained anti-vehicle trenches, and other defenses.]]> normal #icon-959-62AF44-normal highlight #icon-959-62AF44-highlight normal #line-A52714-3906-normal highlight #line-A52714-3906-highlight normal #poly-000000-1-31-normal highlight #poly-000000-1-31-highlight normal #poly-000000-1-33-normal highlight #poly-000000-1-33-highlight normal #poly-000000-1601-33-normal highlight #poly-000000-1601-33-highlight normal #poly-E65100-1-102-normal highlight #poly-E65100-1-102-highlight normal #poly-E65100-1-145-normal highlight #poly-E65100-1-145-highlight Occupation Zones FRENCH SECTOR

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401 square kilometers
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13.4122615,52.6435244,0 13.4076323,52.6428294,0 13.4065219,52.6439049,0 13.4048107,52.6444075,0 13.3979644,52.6479794,0 13.3979359,52.6482914,0 13.3963766,52.6474189,0 13.3944169,52.6474773,0 13.3897111,52.6414948,0 13.3901622,52.6399721,0 13.3892829,52.638163,0 13.3874596,52.637083,0 13.3851643,52.6363676,0 13.3818624,52.6363447,0 13.3828548,52.6351791,0 13.3794376,52.6338768,0 13.3786733,52.6344107,0 13.375935,52.6315586,0 13.3765044,52.6294227,0 13.367817,52.625906,0 Berlin Wall Wall Bordering East Berlin

estimated: 43.6 kilometers long
(27.1 miles long)

Click image for details.: The Berlin Wall (German: Berliner Mauer) was a guarded concrete barrier that physically and ideologically divided Berlin from 1961 to 1989.

Construction of the Wall was commenced by the German Democratic Republic (GDR, East Germany) in 1961. The Wall cut off West Berlin from surrounding East Germany, including East Berlin.

The barrier included guard towers placed along large concrete walls, accompanied by a wide area (later known as the "Death Strip") that contained anti-vehicle trenches, and other defenses.]]> #line-A52714-3906 43.6 kilometers long (27.1 miles long) 1 13.366887,52.625713,0 13.375731,52.613432,0 13.376419,52.611056,0 13.376332,52.607709,0 13.370343,52.599106,0 13.360793,52.591351,0 13.350255,52.590658,0 13.347677,52.590116,0 13.363864,52.581274,0 13.370948,52.577421,0 13.375093,52.575737,0 13.379918,52.572526,0 13.382292,52.572023,0 13.38307,52.572303,0 13.388275,52.569467,0 13.387781,52.569141,0 13.389284,52.568259,0 13.388489,52.567796,0 13.388886,52.566985,0 13.393425,52.564432,0 13.396161,52.561623,0 13.397071,52.558815,0 13.3970929,52.5556593,0 13.397917,52.552839,0 13.397569,52.551523,0 13.396696,52.550742,0 13.398808,52.550909,0 13.399187,52.548944,0 13.401869,52.543057,0 13.403319,52.540212,0 13.393353,52.53739,0 13.390084,52.53537,0 13.387719,52.533234,0 13.379645,52.540233,0 13.37455,52.537087,0 13.373033,52.538044,0 13.368695,52.536062,0 13.367914,52.536662,0 13.3663629,52.5358951,0 13.3689173,52.5335084,0 13.3688548,52.5333581,0 13.3701056,52.5320364,0 13.3712062,52.5305451,0 13.3725823,52.5291625,0 13.37413,52.527819,0 13.3743119,52.5272067,0 13.374129,52.526738,0 13.3738264,52.5263548,0 13.3733307,52.5260369,0 13.3733222,52.525251,0 13.3726056,52.5249742,0 13.3726293,52.5237313,0 13.3729737,52.5233579,0 13.3746694,52.522822,0 13.376129,52.5219988,0 13.3765497,52.5216054,0 13.3768781,52.5203837,0 13.3774822,52.5199295,0 13.3781935,52.5196843,0 13.3800241,52.5194961,0 13.3801289,52.5189986,0 13.379231,52.518998,0 13.3782902,52.519128,0 13.3775673,52.5193423,0 13.377004,52.519572,0 13.376985,52.517975,0 13.37739,52.516781,0 13.377096,52.5164523,0 13.3771434,52.5160614,0 13.377577,52.515713,0 13.376241,52.50966,0 13.376598,52.508478,0 13.377667,52.508088,0 13.379028,52.507096,0 13.379686,52.507028,0 13.3903387,52.5076015,0 13.399243,52.508064,0 13.400226,52.509388,0 13.4045781,52.5079379,0 13.405235,52.508252,0 13.408034,52.506207,0 13.409927,52.506318,0 13.411705,52.504425,0 13.41414,52.504013,0 13.41519,52.504768,0 13.417575,52.504149,0 13.41821,52.50497,0 13.419509,52.505606,0 13.421802,52.505008,0 13.424616,52.50509,0 13.426625,52.505748,0 13.427105,52.505625,0 13.428158,52.50692,0 13.429299,52.508506,0 13.4301183,52.509609,0 13.432542,52.508592,0 13.4345329,52.5083343,0 13.4352662,52.5079517,0 13.4379064,52.5059054,0 13.445524,52.502858,0 13.4465832,52.5026419,0 13.4566648,52.4996001,0 13.453619,52.49755,0 13.4528646,52.4975389,0 13.451377,52.497358,0 13.4474,52.494691,0 13.445024,52.494482,0 13.440076,52.490668,0 13.439707,52.48984,0 13.444399,52.487411,0 13.446718,52.488928,0 13.450262,52.487105,0 13.450419,52.4872,0 13.4561742,52.4842252,0 13.458211,52.48578,0 13.470645,52.476868,0 13.469621,52.473714,0 13.470566,52.472455,0 13.4783692,52.4650631,0 13.478574,52.463953,0 13.477305,52.4620043,0 13.475869,52.460948,0 13.474963,52.459468,0 13.474905,52.458762,0 13.4587628,52.4592393,0 13.4579511,52.4591,0 13.4575471,52.4586992,0 13.457576,52.458303,0 13.46267,52.451356,0 13.46436,52.449887,0 13.467199,52.448302,0 13.484193,52.440083,0 13.484683,52.439973,0 13.506971,52.429032,0 13.508826,52.42838,0 13.512843,52.427386,0 13.5159918,52.4269322,0 13.520631,52.426518,0 13.519649,52.424572,0 13.518464,52.422879,0 13.518686,52.422217,0 13.520725,52.420703,0 13.520875,52.419585,0 13.522198,52.418441,0 13.522155,52.417186,0 13.523016,52.415484,0 13.522249,52.41446,0 13.524048,52.413578,0 13.523214,52.412675,0 13.523527,52.411694,0 13.521752,52.40745,0 13.520659,52.406245,0 13.519028,52.40512,0 13.518751,52.404653,0 13.516572,52.403279,0 13.516914,52.4028,0 13.515914,52.401774,0 Berlin Wall

estimated: 113 kilometers long
(70 miles long)

Click image for details.: The Berlin Wall (German: Berliner Mauer) was a guarded concrete barrier that physically and ideologically divided Berlin from 1961 to 1989.

Construction of the Wall was commenced by the German Democratic Republic (GDR, East Germany) in 1961. The Wall cut off West Berlin from surrounding East Germany, including East Berlin.

The barrier included guard towers placed along large concrete walls, accompanied by a wide area (later known as the "Death Strip") that contained anti-vehicle trenches, and other defenses.]]> #line-A52714-3906 113 kilometers long (70 miles long) 1 13.366887,52.625713,0 13.3590005,52.6234988,0 13.3561064,52.6232133,0 13.3544402,52.6234724,0 13.3513188,52.6230297,0 13.3510471,52.6238606,0 13.336737,52.622698,0 13.328804,52.625487,0 13.319396,52.626775,0 13.3128746,52.6281443,0 13.3084988,52.6279374,0 13.3025644,52.6271734,0 13.302544,52.6275282,0 13.3059057,52.6285862,0 13.3081303,52.629006,0 13.309933,52.6296345,0 13.3102123,52.6300286,0 13.309622,52.63244,0 13.305402,52.637045,0 13.307194,52.637476,0 13.30597,52.639218,0 13.308314,52.64048,0 13.3093009,52.642695,0 13.300885,52.653431,0 13.310166,52.657399,0 13.307146,52.659662,0 13.302134,52.65924,0 13.287152,52.659986,0 13.282824,52.660719,0 13.281692,52.652684,0 13.285164,52.652484,0 13.2835,52.641156,0 13.269726,52.639732,0 13.262328,52.640701,0 13.262237,52.639365,0 13.265068,52.634731,0 13.264342,52.626883,0 13.259622,52.62797,0 13.252065,52.627343,0 13.245924,52.627339,0 13.242627,52.628299,0 13.230539,52.627328,0 13.225989,52.628186,0 13.220554,52.628244,0 13.219924,52.624609,0 13.216746,52.620128,0 13.214776,52.619076,0 13.206275,52.608819,0 13.201302,52.606933,0 13.201339,52.605327,0 13.207875,52.59893,0 13.21754,52.593269,0 13.218853,52.590745,0 13.216358,52.585784,0 13.211125,52.586009,0 13.205288,52.586979,0 13.200115,52.588892,0 13.191596,52.590284,0 13.184358,52.593449,0 13.178185,52.594895,0 13.173737,52.595344,0 13.167496,52.597147,0 13.164548,52.598785,0 13.156642,52.5975,0 13.1545447,52.5967543,0 13.149196,52.591789,0 13.143475,52.589653,0 13.138026,52.588731,0 13.13586,52.587402,0 13.128579,52.587214,0 13.129341,52.585931,0 13.128062,52.583169,0 13.130589,52.582743,0 13.132599,52.579659,0 13.139176,52.580417,0 13.14966,52.583229,0 13.153424,52.577551,0 13.153252,52.573245,0 13.149894,52.566948,0 13.147516,52.564397,0 13.1462428,52.5599369,0 13.14724,52.555324,0 13.145278,52.552548,0 13.136399,52.552601,0 13.130522,52.555934,0 13.125121,52.543755,0 13.123481,52.537188,0 13.120222,52.53207,0 13.119187,52.528532,0 13.117539,52.517122,0 13.126516,52.517448,0 13.142709,52.519674,0 13.147425,52.517114,0 13.168626,52.509266,0 13.128555,52.479801,0 13.126349,52.478617,0 13.117838,52.477323,0 13.117815,52.474755,0 13.113797,52.468717,0 13.110569,52.465842,0 13.111243,52.463864,0 13.110461,52.460151,0 13.112202,52.459165,0 13.111574,52.45425,0 13.109246,52.450815,0 13.115102,52.447729,0 13.115497,52.445722,0 13.119362,52.444591,0 13.121717,52.442599,0 13.123673,52.440434,0 13.117422,52.436048,0 13.108447,52.426644,0 13.104831,52.423857,0 13.100191,52.425316,0 13.098385,52.424649,0 13.095995,52.421899,0 13.088337,52.419453,0 13.090835,52.41152,0 13.097311,52.409403,0 13.098025,52.411248,0 13.096541,52.413035,0 13.10057,52.413729,0 13.101099,52.410516,0 13.106974,52.409882,0 13.10708,52.413172,0 13.109766,52.412749,0 13.111778,52.410456,0 13.110685,52.409495,0 13.107029,52.40941,0 13.111723,52.403982,0 13.112623,52.403522,0 13.117921,52.402004,0 13.120473,52.399498,0 13.124844,52.396878,0 13.127879,52.396519,0 13.13383,52.399235,0 13.13813,52.39785,0 13.135189,52.397367,0 13.135741,52.39615,0 13.138719,52.395945,0 13.131115,52.391747,0 13.127484,52.391547,0 13.127022,52.389531,0 13.131255,52.387165,0 13.134076,52.38877,0 13.130554,52.390383,0 13.134359,52.393236,0 13.143204,52.397227,0 13.145787,52.395452,0 13.159312,52.39393,0 13.168744,52.39439,0 13.171603,52.395659,0 13.171163,52.397704,0 13.157882,52.396297,0 13.159257,52.399789,0 13.159342,52.402883,0 13.185679,52.41137,0 13.196778,52.415406,0 13.2014954,52.4155505,0 13.209217,52.416637,0 13.224258,52.420851,0 13.246193,52.421018,0 13.249064,52.413402,0 13.249662,52.405223,0 13.259071,52.406308,0 13.264386,52.40477,0 13.270365,52.403992,0 13.27753,52.405546,0 13.297755,52.41642,0 13.297643,52.415145,0 13.296283,52.414344,0 13.31016,52.40116,0 13.312049,52.399108,0 13.316353,52.401575,0 13.342865,52.411594,0 13.343362,52.407822,0 13.351106,52.402723,0 13.359503,52.398314,0 13.371949,52.393619,0 13.370293,52.388511,0 13.386999,52.388466,0 13.388192,52.377808,0 13.420943,52.375963,0 13.427718,52.3859,0 13.418466,52.407285,0 13.419084,52.410024,0 13.431153,52.412365,0 13.443106,52.415656,0 13.452582,52.41863,0 13.462574,52.421023,0 13.467591,52.420056,0 13.477612,52.402627,0 13.479708,52.396093,0 13.513676,52.401044,0 13.515914,52.401774,0 Death Strip

estimated: 16.4 square kilometers
(6.3 square miles)

Click image for details.: In June 1962, a second, parallel fence was built some 100 meters (110 yards) farther into East German territory. The houses contained between the fences were razed and the inhabitants relocated, thus establishing what later became known as the Death Strip. The Death Strip was covered with raked sand or gravel, rendering footprints easy to notice, easing the detection of trespassers and also enabling officers to see which guards had neglected their task; it offered no cover; and, most importantly, it offered clear fields of fire for the Wall guards. ]]> #poly-E65100-1-145 16.4 square kilometers (6.3 square miles) In June 1962, a second, parallel fence was built some 100 meters (110 yards) farther into East German territory. The houses contained between the fences were razed and the inhabitants relocated, thus establishing what later became known as the Death Strip. 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estimated: 3.60 square kilometers
(1.39 square miles)

Click image for details.: In June 1962, a second, parallel fence was built some 100 meters (110 yards) farther into East German territory. The houses contained between the fences were razed and the inhabitants relocated, thus establishing what later became known as the Death Strip. The Death Strip was covered with raked sand or gravel, rendering footprints easy to notice, easing the detection of trespassers and also enabling officers to see which guards had neglected their task; it offered no cover; and, most importantly, it offered clear fields of fire for the Wall guards.]]> #poly-E65100-1-145 3.60 square kilometers (1.39 square miles) In June 1962, a second, parallel fence was built some 100 meters (110 yards) farther into East German territory. The houses contained between the fences were razed and the inhabitants relocated, thus establishing what later became known as the Death Strip. 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.: For foreigners and diplomats
Click image for details.: Checkpoint Charlie (or "Checkpoint C") was the name given by the Western Allies to the best-known Berlin Wall crossing point between East Berlin and West Berlin during the Cold War (1947–1991).

East German leader Walter Ulbricht agitated and maneuvered to get the Soviet Union's permission to construct the Berlin Wall in 1961 to stop emigration and defection westward through the Border system, preventing escape across the city sector border from East Berlin into West Berlin. Checkpoint Charlie became a symbol of the Cold War, representing the separation of East and West. Soviet and American tanks briefly faced each other at the location during the Berlin Crisis of 1961 ]]> #icon-959-62AF44 For foreigners and diplomats 13.3944253,52.5074434,0 Friedrichstraße

.: Border crossing at rail station

Also known as the Tränenpalast (Palace of Tears) because of the forced separations that happened here.

Click image for details.: During the Cold War and division of Berlin, the Friedrichstraße underground station, despite being located in East Berlin, was utilized by two intersecting West Berlin S-Bahn lines and the West Berlin subway line U6. The station served as a transfer point for these lines, and trains stopped there, although all other stations on these lines in East Berlin were sealed-off ghost stations (Geisterbahnhof), where trains passed through under guard without stopping. At Friedrichstraße station, West Berlin passengers could transfer from one platform to another but could not leave the station without the appropriate papers. The section of the station open to West Berlin lines was heavily guarded and was sealed off from the smaller part of it serving as a terminus of the East Berlin S-Bahn and as a station for long-distance trains. ]]> #icon-959-62AF44 Border crossing at rail station Also known as the Tränenpalast (Palace of Tears) because of the forced separations that happened here. During the Cold War and division of Berlin, the Friedrichstraße underground station, despite being located in East Berlin, was utilized by two intersecting West Berlin S-Bahn lines and the West Berlin subway line U6. The station served as a transfer point for these lines, and trains stopped there, although all other stations on these lines in East Berlin were sealed-off ghost stations (Geisterbahnhof), where trains passed through under guard without stopping. At Friedrichstraße station, West Berlin passengers could transfer from one platform to another but could not leave the station without the appropriate papers. The section of the station open to West Berlin lines was heavily guarded and was sealed off from the smaller part of it serving as a terminus of the East Berlin S-Bahn and as a station for long-distance trains. 13.3869829,52.520771,0 Heinrich-Heine-Straße

.: For West German citizens only
Click image for details.: .]]> #icon-959-62AF44 For West German citizens only . 13.4130995,52.5066105,0 Oberbaumbrücke

.: For West-Berlin citizens only
Click image for details.: .]]> #icon-959-62AF44 For West-Berlin citizens only . 13.4457112,52.5018624,0 Sonnenallee

.: For West-Berlin citizens only
Click image for details.: .]]> #icon-959-62AF44 For West-Berlin citizens only . 13.477305,52.4620043,0 Waltersdorfer Chaussee

.: For West-Berlin citizens only
and foreigners only to East German Schönefeld Airport

Click image for details.: .]]> #icon-959-62AF44 For West-Berlin citizens only and foreigners only to East German Schönefeld Airport . 13.514093,52.4009575,0 Checkpoint Bravo

.: Dreilinden / Drewitz

For car, truck, and bus transit to West Germany only
Click image for details.: .]]> #icon-959-62AF44 Dreilinden / Drewitz For car, truck, and bus transit to West Germany only . 13.196933,52.4163673,0 Griebnitzsee / Wannsee

.: For rail transit to West Germany only
Click image for details.: .]]> #icon-959-62AF44 For rail transit to West Germany only . 13.1388726,52.3957853,0 Heerstraße

.: For car, truck, and bus transit to West Germany only

Click image for details.: .]]> #icon-959-62AF44 For car, truck, and bus transit to West Germany only . 13.1188203,52.5290468,0 Staaken / Spandau

.: For rail transit to West Germany only

Click image for details.: .]]> #icon-959-62AF44 For rail transit to West Germany only . 13.1232,52.5390409,0 Stolpfe / Heiligensee

.: For rail transit to West Germany only
Click image for details.: .]]> #icon-959-62AF44 For rail transit to West Germany only . 13.241181,52.6282381,0 Bornholmer Straße / Bösebrücke

.: For citizens of West-Berlin and West Germany only

Click image for details.: .]]> #icon-959-62AF44 For citizens of West-Berlin and West Germany only . 13.399121,52.5545712,0 Chausseestraße / Reinickendorfer Straße

.: For West-Berlin citizens only
Click image for details.: .]]> #icon-959-62AF44 For West-Berlin citizens only . 13.3745455,52.5370893,0 Invalidenstraße / Sandkrugbrücke

.: For West-Berlin citizens only
Click image for details.: .]]> #icon-959-62AF44 For West-Berlin citizens only . 13.3763499,52.5284699,0 Glienicke Bridge

.: For the exchange of diplomats and spies

Click image for details.: During the Cold War, as this portion of the Havel River formed the border between West Berlin and East Germany, the bridge was used several times for the exchange of captured spies and thus became known as the Bridge of Spies ]]> #icon-959-62AF44 For the exchange of diplomats and spies During the Cold War, as this portion of the Havel River formed the border between West Berlin and East Germany, the bridge was used several times for the exchange of captured spies and thus became known as the Bridge of Spies 13.0907364,52.4134903,0 Airports Tegel Airport

opened: 1948 during Berlin Airlift

used by: French Air Force
]]> #icon-1899-DB4436-labelson 1948 during Berlin Airlift French Air Force 13.2903765,52.5543906,0 RAF Gatow

opened: 1934 by Luftwaffe

used by: British Royal Air Force
]]> #icon-1899-DB4436-labelson 1934 by Luftwaffe British Royal Air Force 13.1383647,52.4726003,0 Tempelhof Airport

opened: 1923 by Reich Ministry of Transport

used by: United States Air Force
]]> #icon-1899-DB4436-labelson 1923 by Reich Ministry of Transport United States Air Force 13.389514,52.4823634,0 Schönefeld Airport

opened: 1934 by Reich Ministry of Transport

used by: East Germany + Soviet Air Forces
]]> #icon-1899-DB4436-labelson 1934 by Reich Ministry of Transport East Germany + Soviet Air Forces 13.516244,52.3878768,0